The+Industrialized+North+Test+prep

Ch.12, Section 1 __The Industrial Revolution__ 1. Describe labor in Europe and the USA at the beginning of the 1700s. 2. What was the result of increased demand for manufactured goods in Great Britain? 3. What might be some costs and benefits of faster textile production as a result of new machines?

__New Machines and Processes__ 4. Who was Samuel Slater and how did he contribute to the textile industry in the United States? 5. Why were most American mills located in New England? 6. Who was Eli Whitney and what was he responsible for? 7. What was the advantage of water-powered machinery? 8. What new manufacturing pattern emerged as a result of Whitney's idea of using interchangeable parts? 9. How did the idea of interchangeable parts lead to mass production?

__Manufacturing Grows Slowly__ 10. According to Albert Gallatin, why were so few factories being built in the United States? 11. How did the War of 1812 affect American manufacturing? 12. Do you think all Americans supported higher tariffs? Explain.

Section 2 __Mills Change Workers' Lives__ 1. What was the Rhode Island system, and why did Samuel Slater decide to adopt it? 2. What were some of the effects of Slater's use of the Rhode Island system? 3. In what ways was a mill town similar to other small towns in the United States at that time?

__The Lowell System__ 4. What system did Francis Cabot Lowell use in his mills, and who did he hire under his system? 5. Why did young women want to work in the Lowell mills? 6. What were working and living conditions like for the Lowell girls? 7. How do you think mill workers felt as owners kept increasing the size and speed of their machines?

__Workers Organize__ 8. What had happened to the wages of craftspeople by the 1840s? 9. Why did employers think that union workers prevented them from competing? 10. Who was Sarah G. Bagley, and why was she so important? 11. How did labor unions improve working conditions in the mid-1800s?

Section 3 __Trade and Daily Life__ 1. What was the Transportation Revolution? What two new modes of transportation largely contributed to it? 2. Who was Robert Fulton? 3. Why were steamboats well suited for river travel? 4. Why do you think Ogden did not want Gibbons to operate a steamboat service in New York?

__American Railroads__ 5. Where and when were steam-powered trains first developed? 6. What was the significance of the 1830 race involving the //Tom Thumb// locomotive? 7. In what ways did railroads affect daily life? 8. Why do you think railroad companies became some of the nation's most powerful businesses?

__Transportation Revolution Brings Changes__ 9. How did railroads affect settlement patterns in the United States? 10. How did the coal industry change the landscape? 11. How were the railroad and steel industries interrelated?

Section 4 __Telegraph Speeds Communication__ 1. Who invented the telegraph, and what is it? 2. How does Morse Code work? 3. What significant event occurred in 1861, and how do you think it changed the nation? (not the Civil War)

__Steam Power and New Factories__ 4. What began to replace water power in factories? 5. How did the use of steam power change where factories were located?

__Improved Farm Equipment__ 6. What problem was John Deere trying to solve with his steel plow? 7. How did Cyrus McCormick's mechanical reaper change agriculture?

__Changing Life at Home__ 8. What other new inventions improved improved daily life? (5) 9. Do you think de Tocqueville's opinion of America is still true today? Explain. (Focus on his quote on p. 405)